Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining

Related tags

Deep LearningCLIP
Overview

CLIP

[Blog] [Paper] [Model Card] [Colab]

CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training) is a neural network trained on a variety of (image, text) pairs. It can be instructed in natural language to predict the most relevant text snippet, given an image, without directly optimizing for the task, similarly to the zero-shot capabilities of GPT-2 and 3. We found CLIP matches the performance of the original ResNet50 on ImageNet “zero-shot” without using any of the original 1.28M labeled examples, overcoming several major challenges in computer vision.

Approach

CLIP

Usage

First, install PyTorch 1.7.1 and torchvision, as well as small additional dependencies, and then install this repo as a Python package. On a CUDA GPU machine, the following will do the trick:

$ conda install --yes -c pytorch pytorch=1.7.1 torchvision cudatoolkit=11.0
$ pip install ftfy regex tqdm
$ pip install git+https://github.com/openai/CLIP.git

Replace cudatoolkit=11.0 above with the appropriate CUDA version on your machine or cpuonly when installing on a machine without a GPU.

import torch
import clip
from PIL import Image

device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
model, preprocess = clip.load("ViT-B/32", device=device)

image = preprocess(Image.open("CLIP.png")).unsqueeze(0).to(device)
text = clip.tokenize(["a diagram", "a dog", "a cat"]).to(device)

with torch.no_grad():
    image_features = model.encode_image(image)
    text_features = model.encode_text(text)
    
    logits_per_image, logits_per_text = model(image, text)
    probs = logits_per_image.softmax(dim=-1).cpu().numpy()

print("Label probs:", probs)  # prints: [[0.9927937  0.00421068 0.00299572]]

API

The CLIP module clip provides the following methods:

clip.available_models()

Returns the names of the available CLIP models.

clip.load(name, device=..., jit=False)

Returns the model and the TorchVision transform needed by the model, specified by the model name returned by clip.available_models(). It will download the model as necessary. The name argument can also be a path to a local checkpoint.

The device to run the model can be optionally specified, and the default is to use the first CUDA device if there is any, otherwise the CPU. When jit is False, a non-JIT version of the model will be loaded.

clip.tokenize(text: Union[str, List[str]], context_length=77)

Returns a LongTensor containing tokenized sequences of given text input(s). This can be used as the input to the model


The model returned by clip.load() supports the following methods:

model.encode_image(image: Tensor)

Given a batch of images, returns the image features encoded by the vision portion of the CLIP model.

model.encode_text(text: Tensor)

Given a batch of text tokens, returns the text features encoded by the language portion of the CLIP model.

model(image: Tensor, text: Tensor)

Given a batch of images and a batch of text tokens, returns two Tensors, containing the logit scores corresponding to each image and text input. The values are cosine similarities between the corresponding image and text features, times 100.

More Examples

Zero-Shot Prediction

The code below performs zero-shot prediction using CLIP, as shown in Appendix B in the paper. This example takes an image from the CIFAR-100 dataset, and predicts the most likely labels among the 100 textual labels from the dataset.

import os
import clip
import torch
from torchvision.datasets import CIFAR100

# Load the model
device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
model, preprocess = clip.load('ViT-B/32', device)

# Download the dataset
cifar100 = CIFAR100(root=os.path.expanduser("~/.cache"), download=True, train=False)

# Prepare the inputs
image, class_id = cifar100[3637]
image_input = preprocess(image).unsqueeze(0).to(device)
text_inputs = torch.cat([clip.tokenize(f"a photo of a {c}") for c in cifar100.classes]).to(device)

# Calculate features
with torch.no_grad():
    image_features = model.encode_image(image_input)
    text_features = model.encode_text(text_inputs)

# Pick the top 5 most similar labels for the image
image_features /= image_features.norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True)
text_features /= text_features.norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True)
similarity = (100.0 * image_features @ text_features.T).softmax(dim=-1)
values, indices = similarity[0].topk(5)

# Print the result
print("\nTop predictions:\n")
for value, index in zip(values, indices):
    print(f"{cifar100.classes[index]:>16s}: {100 * value.item():.2f}%")

The output will look like the following (the exact numbers may be slightly different depending on the compute device):

Top predictions:

           snake: 65.31%
          turtle: 12.29%
    sweet_pepper: 3.83%
          lizard: 1.88%
       crocodile: 1.75%

Note that this example uses the encode_image() and encode_text() methods that return the encoded features of given inputs.

Linear-probe evaluation

The example below uses scikit-learn to perform logistic regression on image features.

import os
import clip
import torch

import numpy as np
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision.datasets import CIFAR100
from tqdm import tqdm

# Load the model
device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
model, preprocess = clip.load('ViT-B/32', device)

# Load the dataset
root = os.path.expanduser("~/.cache")
train = CIFAR100(root, download=True, train=True, transform=preprocess)
test = CIFAR100(root, download=True, train=False, transform=preprocess)


def get_features(dataset):
    all_features = []
    all_labels = []
    
    with torch.no_grad():
        for images, labels in tqdm(DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=100)):
            features = model.encode_image(images.to(device))

            all_features.append(features)
            all_labels.append(labels)

    return torch.cat(all_features).cpu().numpy(), torch.cat(all_labels).cpu().numpy()

# Calculate the image features
train_features, train_labels = get_features(train)
test_features, test_labels = get_features(test)

# Perform logistic regression
classifier = LogisticRegression(random_state=0, C=0.316, max_iter=1000, verbose=1)
classifier.fit(train_features, train_labels)

# Evaluate using the logistic regression classifier
predictions = classifier.predict(test_features)
accuracy = np.mean((test_labels == predictions).astype(np.float)) * 100.
print(f"Accuracy = {accuracy:.3f}")

Note that the C value should be determined via a hyperparameter sweep using a validation split.

Owner
OpenAI
OpenAI
Python calculations for the position of the sun and moon.

Astral This is 'astral' a Python module which calculates Times for various positions of the sun: dawn, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, dusk, solar elevat

Simon Kennedy 169 Dec 20, 2022
A very lightweight monitoring system for Raspberry Pi clusters running Kubernetes.

OMNI A very lightweight monitoring system for Raspberry Pi clusters running Kubernetes. Why? When I finished my Kubernetes cluster using a few Raspber

Matias Godoy 148 Dec 29, 2022
A `Neural = Symbolic` framework for sound and complete weighted real-value logic

Logical Neural Networks LNNs are a novel Neuro = symbolic framework designed to seamlessly provide key properties of both neural nets (learning) and s

International Business Machines 138 Dec 19, 2022
CCNet: Criss-Cross Attention for Semantic Segmentation (TPAMI 2020 & ICCV 2019).

CCNet: Criss-Cross Attention for Semantic Segmentation Paper Links: Our most recent TPAMI version with improvements and extensions (Earlier ICCV versi

Zilong Huang 1.3k Dec 27, 2022
Image Captioning on google cloud platform based on iot

Image-Captioning-on-google-cloud-platform-based-on-iot - Image Captioning on google cloud platform based on iot

Shweta_kumawat 1 Jan 20, 2022
MPLP: Metapath-Based Label Propagation for Heterogenous Graphs

MPLP: Metapath-Based Label Propagation for Heterogenous Graphs Results on MAG240M Here, we demonstrate the following performance on the MAG240M datase

Qiuying Peng 10 Jun 28, 2022
FIGARO: Generating Symbolic Music with Fine-Grained Artistic Control

FIGARO: Generating Symbolic Music with Fine-Grained Artistic Control by Dimitri von Rütte, Luca Biggio, Yannic Kilcher, Thomas Hofmann FIGARO: Generat

Dimitri 83 Jan 07, 2023
The official github repository for Towards Continual Knowledge Learning of Language Models

Towards Continual Knowledge Learning of Language Models This is the official github repository for Towards Continual Knowledge Learning of Language Mo

Joel Jang | 장요엘 65 Jan 07, 2023
Learning infinite-resolution image processing with GAN and RL from unpaired image datasets, using a differentiable photo editing model.

Exposure: A White-Box Photo Post-Processing Framework ACM Transactions on Graphics (presented at SIGGRAPH 2018) Yuanming Hu1,2, Hao He1,2, Chenxi Xu1,

Yuanming Hu 719 Dec 29, 2022
Doubly Robust Off-Policy Evaluation for Ranking Policies under the Cascade Behavior Model

Doubly Robust Off-Policy Evaluation for Ranking Policies under the Cascade Behavior Model About This repository contains the code to replicate the syn

Haruka Kiyohara 12 Dec 07, 2022
Automatic differentiation with weighted finite-state transducers.

GTN: Automatic Differentiation with WFSTs Quickstart | Installation | Documentation What is GTN? GTN is a framework for automatic differentiation with

100 Dec 29, 2022
AdamW optimizer and cosine learning rate annealing with restarts

AdamW optimizer and cosine learning rate annealing with restarts This repository contains an implementation of AdamW optimization algorithm and cosine

Maksym Pyrozhok 133 Dec 20, 2022
Code for Private Recommender Systems: How Can Users Build Their Own Fair Recommender Systems without Log Data? (SDM 2022)

Private Recommender Systems: How Can Users Build Their Own Fair Recommender Systems without Log Data? (SDM 2022) We consider how a user of a web servi

joisino 20 Aug 21, 2022
StarGAN2 for practice

StarGAN2 for practice This version of StarGAN2 (coined as 'Post-modern Style Transfer') is intended mostly for fellow artists, who rarely look at scie

vadim epstein 87 Sep 24, 2022
Code of TVT: Transferable Vision Transformer for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

TVT Code of TVT: Transferable Vision Transformer for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Datasets: Digit: MNIST, SVHN, USPS Object: Office, Office-Home, Vi

37 Dec 15, 2022
Phonetic PosteriorGram (PPG)-Based Voice Conversion (VC)

ppg-vc Phonetic PosteriorGram (PPG)-Based Voice Conversion (VC) This repo implements different kinds of PPG-based VC models. Pretrained models. More m

Liu Songxiang 227 Dec 28, 2022
An open source bike computer based on Raspberry Pi Zero (W, WH) with GPS and ANT+. Including offline map and navigation.

Pi Zero Bikecomputer An open-source bike computer based on Raspberry Pi Zero (W, WH) with GPS and ANT+ https://github.com/hishizuka/pizero_bikecompute

hishizuka 264 Jan 02, 2023
PPO Lagrangian in JAX

PPO Lagrangian in JAX This repository implements PPO in JAX. Implementation is tested on the safety-gym benchmark. Usage Install dependencies using th

Karush Suri 2 Sep 14, 2022
An extremely simple, intuitive, hardware-friendly, and well-performing network structure for LiDAR semantic segmentation on 2D range image. IROS21

FIDNet_SemanticKITTI Motivation Implementing complicated network modules with only one or two points improvement on hardware is tedious. So here we pr

YimingZhao 54 Dec 12, 2022
For storing the complete exploration of Visual Question Answering for our B.Tech Project

Multi-Image vqa @authors: Akhilesh, Janhavi, Harsh Paper summary, Ideas tried and their corresponding results: on wiki Other discussions: on discussio

Harsh Raj 3 Jun 16, 2022