[ICCV 2021 Oral] Just Ask: Learning to Answer Questions from Millions of Narrated Videos

Overview

Just Ask: Learning to Answer Questions from Millions of Narrated Videos

WebpageDemoPaper

PWC PWC PWC PWC PWC

This repository provides the code for our paper, including:

  • Data downloading instructions, including our released iVQA and HowToVQA69M datasets
  • Data preprocessing and feature extraction scripts, as well as preprocessed data and features
  • VideoQA automatic generation pipeline
  • Training scripts and pretrained checkpoints, both for pretraining and downstream VideoQA datasets
  • Evaluation scripts

Paths and Requirements

Fill the empty paths in the file global_parameters.py.

To install requirements, run:

pip install -r requirements.txt

Quick Start

If you wish to start VideoQA training or inference quickly.

For downstream datasets

To download pretrained checkpoints, pre-processed data and features, run:

bash download/download_checkpoints.sh <DEFAULT_CKPT_DIR>
bash download/download_downstream.sh <DEFAULT_DATASET_DIR>

This requires having about 8Gb free in DEFAULT_CKPT_DIR and 3.6Gb free in DEFAULT_DATASET_DIR.

For HowToVQA69M Pretraining

If you want to reproduce the pretraining, download HowToVQA69M:

bash download/download_howtovqa.sh <DEFAULT_DATASET_DIR>

This requires having about 6Gb free in DEFAULT_DATASET_DIR. You will also need to download features for videos from HowTo100M from the data providers in HOWTO_FEATURES_PATH.

Long Start

If you wish to reproduce the data preprocessing, video feature extraction or HowToVQA69M generation procedure.

Download Raw Data

Click for details...

The following folders should be created in DEFAULT_DATASET_DIR, and should also contain a video subfolder containing the videos downloaded from each dataset.

HowToVQA69M: We provide the HowToVQA69M dataset at this link. The HowToVQA69M folder should contain howtovqa.pkl, train_howtovqa.csv and val_howtovqa.csv.

iVQA: We provide the iVQA dataset at this link. The iVQA folder should contain train.csv, val.csv and test.csv.

MSRVTT-QA: Download it from the data providers. The MSRVTT-QA folder should contain train_qa.json, val_qa.json, test_qa.json, and also train_val_videodatainfo.json and test_videodatainfo.json. The two last files are from the MSR-VTT dataset, and are used to filter out video IDs in HowTo100M that are in the validation and test sets of MSRVTT-QA.

MSVD-QA: Download it from the data providers. The MSVD-QA folder should contain train_qa.json, val_qa.json, test_qa.json and youtube_mapping.txt. The last file is used to filter out videos IDs in HowTo100M that are in the validation and test sets of MSVD-QA.

ActivityNet-QA: Download it from the data providers. The ActivityNet-QA folder should contain train_q.json, train_a.json, val_q.json, val_a.json, test_q.json and test_a.json.

How2QA: Download it from the data providers. The How2QA folder should contain how2QA_train_release.csv and how2QA_val_release.csv.

HowTo100M: Download it from the data providers. The HowTo100M folder should contain caption_howto100m_with_stopwords.pkl and s3d_features.csv. Note that for the VQA-T pretraining on HowTo100M baseline, we also do zero-shot validation on YouCook2 and MSR-VTT video retrieval. We followed MIL-NCE for the preprocessing of these datasets. You should have in the YouCook2 folder a pickle file with processed data and features youcook_unpooled_val.pkl, and in the MSR-VTT folder a file of processed data MSRVTT_JSFUSION_test.csv and a file of features msrvtt_test_unpooled_s3d_features.pth.

Data Preprocessing

Click for details...

VideoQA: To process data for each VideoQA dataset, use:

python preproc/preproc_ivqa.py
python preproc/preproc_msrvttqa.py
python preproc/preproc_msvdqa.py
python preproc/preproc_activitynetqa.py
python preproc/preproc_how2qa.py

This will save train, validation and test dataframe files (train.csv, val.csv, test.csv), and the vocabulary map (vocab.json) in the open-ended setting, in each dataset folder. Note that the How2QA preprocessing script should be used after feature extraction (see below) and will also merge features into one file.

HowTo100M: To preprocess HowTo100M by removing potential intersection with the validation and test sets of VideoQA datasets, and removing repetition in the ASR data, use:

python preproc/howto100m_remove_intersec.py
python preproc/howto100m_remove_repet.py

This will save caption_howto100m_sw_nointersec.pickle, caption_howto100m_sw_nointersec_norepeat.pickle and s3d_features_nointersec.csv in HOWTO_PATH.

Extract video features

Click for details...

We provide in the extract folder the code to extract features with the S3D feature extractor. It requires downloading the S3D model weights available at this repository. The s3d_howto100m.pth checkpoint and s3d_dict.npy dictionary should be in DEFAULT_MODEL_DIR.

Extraction: You should prepare for each dataset a csv with columns video_path (typically in the form of <dataset_path>/video/<video_path>), and feature_path (typically in the form of <dataset_path>/features/<video_path>.npy). Then use (you may launch this script on multiple GPUs to fasten the extraction process):

python extract/extract.py --csv <csv_path>

Merging: To merge the extracted features into a single file for each VideoQA dataset, use (for ActivityNet-QA that contains long videos, add --pad 120):

python extract/merge_features.py --folder <features_path> \
--output_path <DEFAULT_DATASET_DIR>/s3d.pth --dataset <dataset>

For HowTo100M, the features should be stored in HOWTO_FEATURES_PATH, one file per video. SSD_PATH should preferably on a SSD disk for optimized on-the-fly reading operation time during pretraining.

HowToVQA69M Generation

Click for details...

This requires downloading the pretrained BRNN model weights from Punctuator2. The INTERSPEECH-T-BRNN.pcl file should be in DEFAULT_MODEL_DIR.

Punctuating: First, we punctuate the speech data at the video level and split the video into clips temporally aligned with infered sentences (you may launch this script on multiple CPUs to fasten the process):

python videoqa_generation/punctuate.py

Merging infered speech sentences: Second, we merge the punctuated data into one file:

python videoqa_generation/merge_punctuations.py

Extracting answers: Third, we extract answers from speech transcripts. This requires having cloned this repository in QG_REPO_DIR. Then use (you may launch this script on multiple GPUs to fasten the process):

python videoqa_generation/extract_answers.py

Merging extracted answers: Fourth, we merge the extracted answers into one file:

python videoqa_generation/merge_answers.py

Generating questions: Fifth, we generate questions pairs from speech and extracted answers. Use (you may launch this script on multiple GPUs to fasten the process):

python videoqa_generation/generate_questions.py

Merging generated question-answer pairs: Finally, we merge the generated question-answer pairs into one file (this will save howtovqa.pkl, train_howtovqa.csv and val_howtovqa.csv):

python videoqa_generation/merge_qas.py

Training

Pretraining

DistilBERT tokenizer and model checkpoints will be automatically downloaded from Hugging Face in DEFAULT_MODEL_DIR/transformers.

Training VQA-T on HowToVQA69M: To train on HowToVQA69M with contrastive loss and MLM loss (it takes less than 48H on 8 NVIDIA Tesla V100), run:

python main_howtovqa.py --dataset="howtovqa" --epochs=10 --checkpoint_dir="pthowtovqa" \
--batch_size=128 --batch_size_val=256 --n_pair=32 --freq_display=10

Note that it runs a validation once per epoch, which consists in retrieving answer within the batch, given video and question.

Baselines: The pretraining of QA-T on HowToVQA69M is done with the previous command complemented with --baseline qa. To train VQA-T on HowTo100M with MLM and cross-modal matching objectives (it takes less than 2 days on 8 NVIDIA Tesla V100), run:

python main_htm.py --dataset="howto100m" --epochs=10 --checkpoint_dir="pthtm" \ 
--batch_size=128 --batch_size_val=3500 --n_pair=32 --freq_display=10

Note that the previous command runs a zero-shot video retrieval validation on YouCook2 and MSR-VTT once per epoch.

Training on downstream VideoQA datasets

Finetuning: To finetune a pretrained model on a downstream VideoQA dataset (for MSRVTT-QA, which is the largest downstream dataset, it takes less than 4 hours on 4 NVIDIA Tesla V100), run:

python main_videoqa.py --checkpoint_dir=ft<dataset> --dataset=<dataset> --lr=0.00001 \ 
--pretrain_path=<CKPT_PATH>

Training from scratch: VQA-T trained from scratch is simply obtained by running the previous script with no pretrain_path set.

Available checkpoints

Training data iVQA MSRVTT-QA MSVD-QA ActivityNet-QA How2QA url size
HowToVQA69M 12.2 2.9 7.5 12.2 51.1 Drive 600MB
HowToVQA69M + iVQA 35.4 Drive 600MB
HowToVQA69M + MSRVTT-QA 41.5 Drive 600MB
HowToVQA69M + MSVD-QA 43.6 Drive 600MB
HowToVQA69M + ActivityNet-QA 38.9 Drive 600MB
HowToVQA69M + How2QA 84.4 Drive 600MB

Inference

Evaluating on downstream VideoQA datasets

VQA-T To evaluate VQA-T on a downstream VideoQA dataset, run (for zero-shot VideoQA, simply use the checkpoint trained on HowToVQA69M only):

python main_videoqa.py --checkpoint_dir=ft<dataset> --dataset=<dataset> \ 
--pretrain_path=<CKPT_PATH> --test 1

Baselines In the case of QA-T, use the command above with the corresponding checkpoint and add --baseline qa. In the case of Zero-Shot VideoQA for VQA-T pretrained on HowTo100M, run:

python eval_videoqa_cm.py --checkpoint_dir=pthtmzeroshot<dataset> --dataset=<dataset> \ 
--pretrain_path=<CKPT_PATH>

Detailed evaluation

Using a trained checkpoint, to perform evaluation segmented per question type and answer quartile, use:

python eval_videoqa.py --dataset <dataset> --pretrain_path <CKPT_PATH>

VideoQA Demo

Using a trained checkpoint, you can also run a VideoQA example with a video file of your choice, and the question of your choice. For that, use (the dataset indicated here is only used for the definition of the answer vocabulary):

python demo_videoqa.py --dataset <dataset> --pretrain_path <CKPT_PATH> \ 
--question_example <question> --video_example <video_path>

Note that we also host an online demo at this link.

Misc.

In the folder misc, you can find a notebook with code for the plots and data statistics showed in the paper.

You can also find there the html code used for iVQA data collection on Amazon Mechanical Turk.

Moreover, you can find the manually evaluated samples from generated data at this link.

Finally, you can find the html and python code for the online demo.

Acknowledgements

The video feature extraction code is inspired by this repository. The model implementation of our multi-modal transformer (as well as the masked language modeling setup) is inspired by Hugging Face. The comparison with Heilman et al was done using the original Java implementation.

Citation

If you found this work useful, consider giving this repository a star and citing our paper as followed:

@InProceedings{Yang_2021_ICCV,
    author    = {Yang, Antoine and Miech, Antoine and Sivic, Josef and Laptev, Ivan and Schmid, Cordelia},
    title     = {Just Ask: Learning To Answer Questions From Millions of Narrated Videos},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)},
    month     = {October},
    year      = {2021},
    pages     = {1686-1697}
}
Owner
Antoine Yang
PhD Student in Computer Vision and Machine Learning, focusing on learning multimodal video representations using vision and language
Antoine Yang
MLP-Like Vision Permutator for Visual Recognition (PyTorch)

Vision Permutator: A Permutable MLP-Like Architecture for Visual Recognition (arxiv) This is a Pytorch implementation of our paper. We present Vision

Qibin (Andrew) Hou 162 Nov 28, 2022
TensorFlow implementation of Barlow Twins (Barlow Twins: Self-Supervised Learning via Redundancy Reduction)

Barlow-Twins-TF This repository implements Barlow Twins (Barlow Twins: Self-Supervised Learning via Redundancy Reduction) in TensorFlow and demonstrat

Sayak Paul 36 Sep 14, 2022
Clustergram - Visualization and diagnostics for cluster analysis in Python

Clustergram Visualization and diagnostics for cluster analysis Clustergram is a diagram proposed by Matthias Schonlau in his paper The clustergram: A

Martin Fleischmann 96 Dec 26, 2022
Repository providing a wide range of self-supervised pretrained models for computer vision tasks.

Hierarchical Pretraining: Research Repository This is a research repository for reproducing the results from the project "Self-supervised pretraining

Colorado Reed 53 Nov 09, 2022
A general framework for inferring CNNs efficiently. Reduce the inference latency of MobileNet-V3 by 1.3x on an iPhone XS Max without sacrificing accuracy.

GFNet-Pytorch (NeurIPS 2020) This repo contains the official code and pre-trained models for the glance and focus network (GFNet). Glance and Focus: a

Rainforest Wang 169 Oct 28, 2022
The official code of Anisotropic Stroke Control for Multiple Artists Style Transfer

ASMA-GAN Anisotropic Stroke Control for Multiple Artists Style Transfer Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia The officia

Six_God 146 Nov 21, 2022
ReConsider is a re-ranking model that re-ranks the top-K (passage, answer-span) predictions of an Open-Domain QA Model like DPR (Karpukhin et al., 2020).

ReConsider ReConsider is a re-ranking model that re-ranks the top-K (passage, answer-span) predictions of an Open-Domain QA Model like DPR (Karpukhin

Facebook Research 47 Jul 26, 2022
Embeddinghub is a database built for machine learning embeddings.

Embeddinghub is a database built for machine learning embeddings.

Featureform 1.2k Jan 01, 2023
Alfred-Restore-Iterm-Arrangement - An Alfred workflow to restore iTerm2 window Arrangements

Alfred-Restore-Iterm-Arrangement This alfred workflow will list avaliable iTerm2

7 May 10, 2022
Sample code and notebooks for Vertex AI, the end-to-end machine learning platform on Google Cloud

Google Cloud Vertex AI Samples Welcome to the Google Cloud Vertex AI sample repository. Overview The repository contains notebooks and community conte

Google Cloud Platform 560 Dec 31, 2022
The first dataset on shadow generation for the foreground object in real-world scenes.

Object-Shadow-Generation-Dataset-DESOBA Object Shadow Generation is to deal with the shadow inconsistency between the foreground object and the backgr

BCMI 105 Dec 30, 2022
Pytorch-3dunet - 3D U-Net model for volumetric semantic segmentation written in pytorch

pytorch-3dunet PyTorch implementation 3D U-Net and its variants: Standard 3D U-Net based on 3D U-Net: Learning Dense Volumetric Segmentation from Spar

Adrian Wolny 1.3k Dec 28, 2022
✨✨✨An awesome open source toolbox for stereo matching.

OpenStereo This is an awesome open source toolbox for stereo matching. Supported Methods: BM SGM(T-PAMI'07) GCNet(ICCV'17) PSMNet(CVPR'18) StereoNet(E

Wang Qingyu 6 Nov 04, 2022
Official Pytorch implementation of 'GOCor: Bringing Globally Optimized Correspondence Volumes into Your Neural Network' (NeurIPS 2020)

Official implementation of GOCor This is the official implementation of our paper : GOCor: Bringing Globally Optimized Correspondence Volumes into You

Prune Truong 71 Nov 18, 2022
Learning RGB-D Feature Embeddings for Unseen Object Instance Segmentation

Unseen Object Clustering: Learning RGB-D Feature Embeddings for Unseen Object Instance Segmentation Introduction In this work, we propose a new method

NVIDIA Research Projects 132 Dec 13, 2022
Interactive dimensionality reduction for large datasets

BlosSOM 🌼 BlosSOM is a graphical environment for running semi-supervised dimensionality reduction with EmbedSOM. You can use it to explore multidimen

19 Dec 14, 2022
Training and Evaluation Code for Neural Volumes

Neural Volumes This repository contains training and evaluation code for the paper Neural Volumes. The method learns a 3D volumetric representation of

Meta Research 370 Dec 08, 2022
Code for "Single-view robot pose and joint angle estimation via render & compare", CVPR 2021 (Oral).

Single-view robot pose and joint angle estimation via render & compare Yann Labbé, Justin Carpentier, Mathieu Aubry, Josef Sivic CVPR: Conference on C

Yann Labbé 51 Oct 14, 2022
The Surprising Effectiveness of Visual Odometry Techniques for Embodied PointGoal Navigation

PointNav-VO The Surprising Effectiveness of Visual Odometry Techniques for Embodied PointGoal Navigation Project Page | Paper Table of Contents Setup

Xiaoming Zhao 41 Dec 15, 2022
Cancer Drug Response Prediction via a Hybrid Graph Convolutional Network

DeepCDR Cancer Drug Response Prediction via a Hybrid Graph Convolutional Network This work has been accepted to ECCB2020 and was also published in the

Qiao Liu 50 Dec 18, 2022