[ICCV 2021 Oral] Just Ask: Learning to Answer Questions from Millions of Narrated Videos

Overview

Just Ask: Learning to Answer Questions from Millions of Narrated Videos

WebpageDemoPaper

PWC PWC PWC PWC PWC

This repository provides the code for our paper, including:

  • Data downloading instructions, including our released iVQA and HowToVQA69M datasets
  • Data preprocessing and feature extraction scripts, as well as preprocessed data and features
  • VideoQA automatic generation pipeline
  • Training scripts and pretrained checkpoints, both for pretraining and downstream VideoQA datasets
  • Evaluation scripts

Paths and Requirements

Fill the empty paths in the file global_parameters.py.

To install requirements, run:

pip install -r requirements.txt

Quick Start

If you wish to start VideoQA training or inference quickly.

For downstream datasets

To download pretrained checkpoints, pre-processed data and features, run:

bash download/download_checkpoints.sh <DEFAULT_CKPT_DIR>
bash download/download_downstream.sh <DEFAULT_DATASET_DIR>

This requires having about 8Gb free in DEFAULT_CKPT_DIR and 3.6Gb free in DEFAULT_DATASET_DIR.

For HowToVQA69M Pretraining

If you want to reproduce the pretraining, download HowToVQA69M:

bash download/download_howtovqa.sh <DEFAULT_DATASET_DIR>

This requires having about 6Gb free in DEFAULT_DATASET_DIR. You will also need to download features for videos from HowTo100M from the data providers in HOWTO_FEATURES_PATH.

Long Start

If you wish to reproduce the data preprocessing, video feature extraction or HowToVQA69M generation procedure.

Download Raw Data

Click for details...

The following folders should be created in DEFAULT_DATASET_DIR, and should also contain a video subfolder containing the videos downloaded from each dataset.

HowToVQA69M: We provide the HowToVQA69M dataset at this link. The HowToVQA69M folder should contain howtovqa.pkl, train_howtovqa.csv and val_howtovqa.csv.

iVQA: We provide the iVQA dataset at this link. The iVQA folder should contain train.csv, val.csv and test.csv.

MSRVTT-QA: Download it from the data providers. The MSRVTT-QA folder should contain train_qa.json, val_qa.json, test_qa.json, and also train_val_videodatainfo.json and test_videodatainfo.json. The two last files are from the MSR-VTT dataset, and are used to filter out video IDs in HowTo100M that are in the validation and test sets of MSRVTT-QA.

MSVD-QA: Download it from the data providers. The MSVD-QA folder should contain train_qa.json, val_qa.json, test_qa.json and youtube_mapping.txt. The last file is used to filter out videos IDs in HowTo100M that are in the validation and test sets of MSVD-QA.

ActivityNet-QA: Download it from the data providers. The ActivityNet-QA folder should contain train_q.json, train_a.json, val_q.json, val_a.json, test_q.json and test_a.json.

How2QA: Download it from the data providers. The How2QA folder should contain how2QA_train_release.csv and how2QA_val_release.csv.

HowTo100M: Download it from the data providers. The HowTo100M folder should contain caption_howto100m_with_stopwords.pkl and s3d_features.csv. Note that for the VQA-T pretraining on HowTo100M baseline, we also do zero-shot validation on YouCook2 and MSR-VTT video retrieval. We followed MIL-NCE for the preprocessing of these datasets. You should have in the YouCook2 folder a pickle file with processed data and features youcook_unpooled_val.pkl, and in the MSR-VTT folder a file of processed data MSRVTT_JSFUSION_test.csv and a file of features msrvtt_test_unpooled_s3d_features.pth.

Data Preprocessing

Click for details...

VideoQA: To process data for each VideoQA dataset, use:

python preproc/preproc_ivqa.py
python preproc/preproc_msrvttqa.py
python preproc/preproc_msvdqa.py
python preproc/preproc_activitynetqa.py
python preproc/preproc_how2qa.py

This will save train, validation and test dataframe files (train.csv, val.csv, test.csv), and the vocabulary map (vocab.json) in the open-ended setting, in each dataset folder. Note that the How2QA preprocessing script should be used after feature extraction (see below) and will also merge features into one file.

HowTo100M: To preprocess HowTo100M by removing potential intersection with the validation and test sets of VideoQA datasets, and removing repetition in the ASR data, use:

python preproc/howto100m_remove_intersec.py
python preproc/howto100m_remove_repet.py

This will save caption_howto100m_sw_nointersec.pickle, caption_howto100m_sw_nointersec_norepeat.pickle and s3d_features_nointersec.csv in HOWTO_PATH.

Extract video features

Click for details...

We provide in the extract folder the code to extract features with the S3D feature extractor. It requires downloading the S3D model weights available at this repository. The s3d_howto100m.pth checkpoint and s3d_dict.npy dictionary should be in DEFAULT_MODEL_DIR.

Extraction: You should prepare for each dataset a csv with columns video_path (typically in the form of <dataset_path>/video/<video_path>), and feature_path (typically in the form of <dataset_path>/features/<video_path>.npy). Then use (you may launch this script on multiple GPUs to fasten the extraction process):

python extract/extract.py --csv <csv_path>

Merging: To merge the extracted features into a single file for each VideoQA dataset, use (for ActivityNet-QA that contains long videos, add --pad 120):

python extract/merge_features.py --folder <features_path> \
--output_path <DEFAULT_DATASET_DIR>/s3d.pth --dataset <dataset>

For HowTo100M, the features should be stored in HOWTO_FEATURES_PATH, one file per video. SSD_PATH should preferably on a SSD disk for optimized on-the-fly reading operation time during pretraining.

HowToVQA69M Generation

Click for details...

This requires downloading the pretrained BRNN model weights from Punctuator2. The INTERSPEECH-T-BRNN.pcl file should be in DEFAULT_MODEL_DIR.

Punctuating: First, we punctuate the speech data at the video level and split the video into clips temporally aligned with infered sentences (you may launch this script on multiple CPUs to fasten the process):

python videoqa_generation/punctuate.py

Merging infered speech sentences: Second, we merge the punctuated data into one file:

python videoqa_generation/merge_punctuations.py

Extracting answers: Third, we extract answers from speech transcripts. This requires having cloned this repository in QG_REPO_DIR. Then use (you may launch this script on multiple GPUs to fasten the process):

python videoqa_generation/extract_answers.py

Merging extracted answers: Fourth, we merge the extracted answers into one file:

python videoqa_generation/merge_answers.py

Generating questions: Fifth, we generate questions pairs from speech and extracted answers. Use (you may launch this script on multiple GPUs to fasten the process):

python videoqa_generation/generate_questions.py

Merging generated question-answer pairs: Finally, we merge the generated question-answer pairs into one file (this will save howtovqa.pkl, train_howtovqa.csv and val_howtovqa.csv):

python videoqa_generation/merge_qas.py

Training

Pretraining

DistilBERT tokenizer and model checkpoints will be automatically downloaded from Hugging Face in DEFAULT_MODEL_DIR/transformers.

Training VQA-T on HowToVQA69M: To train on HowToVQA69M with contrastive loss and MLM loss (it takes less than 48H on 8 NVIDIA Tesla V100), run:

python main_howtovqa.py --dataset="howtovqa" --epochs=10 --checkpoint_dir="pthowtovqa" \
--batch_size=128 --batch_size_val=256 --n_pair=32 --freq_display=10

Note that it runs a validation once per epoch, which consists in retrieving answer within the batch, given video and question.

Baselines: The pretraining of QA-T on HowToVQA69M is done with the previous command complemented with --baseline qa. To train VQA-T on HowTo100M with MLM and cross-modal matching objectives (it takes less than 2 days on 8 NVIDIA Tesla V100), run:

python main_htm.py --dataset="howto100m" --epochs=10 --checkpoint_dir="pthtm" \ 
--batch_size=128 --batch_size_val=3500 --n_pair=32 --freq_display=10

Note that the previous command runs a zero-shot video retrieval validation on YouCook2 and MSR-VTT once per epoch.

Training on downstream VideoQA datasets

Finetuning: To finetune a pretrained model on a downstream VideoQA dataset (for MSRVTT-QA, which is the largest downstream dataset, it takes less than 4 hours on 4 NVIDIA Tesla V100), run:

python main_videoqa.py --checkpoint_dir=ft<dataset> --dataset=<dataset> --lr=0.00001 \ 
--pretrain_path=<CKPT_PATH>

Training from scratch: VQA-T trained from scratch is simply obtained by running the previous script with no pretrain_path set.

Available checkpoints

Training data iVQA MSRVTT-QA MSVD-QA ActivityNet-QA How2QA url size
HowToVQA69M 12.2 2.9 7.5 12.2 51.1 Drive 600MB
HowToVQA69M + iVQA 35.4 Drive 600MB
HowToVQA69M + MSRVTT-QA 41.5 Drive 600MB
HowToVQA69M + MSVD-QA 43.6 Drive 600MB
HowToVQA69M + ActivityNet-QA 38.9 Drive 600MB
HowToVQA69M + How2QA 84.4 Drive 600MB

Inference

Evaluating on downstream VideoQA datasets

VQA-T To evaluate VQA-T on a downstream VideoQA dataset, run (for zero-shot VideoQA, simply use the checkpoint trained on HowToVQA69M only):

python main_videoqa.py --checkpoint_dir=ft<dataset> --dataset=<dataset> \ 
--pretrain_path=<CKPT_PATH> --test 1

Baselines In the case of QA-T, use the command above with the corresponding checkpoint and add --baseline qa. In the case of Zero-Shot VideoQA for VQA-T pretrained on HowTo100M, run:

python eval_videoqa_cm.py --checkpoint_dir=pthtmzeroshot<dataset> --dataset=<dataset> \ 
--pretrain_path=<CKPT_PATH>

Detailed evaluation

Using a trained checkpoint, to perform evaluation segmented per question type and answer quartile, use:

python eval_videoqa.py --dataset <dataset> --pretrain_path <CKPT_PATH>

VideoQA Demo

Using a trained checkpoint, you can also run a VideoQA example with a video file of your choice, and the question of your choice. For that, use (the dataset indicated here is only used for the definition of the answer vocabulary):

python demo_videoqa.py --dataset <dataset> --pretrain_path <CKPT_PATH> \ 
--question_example <question> --video_example <video_path>

Note that we also host an online demo at this link.

Misc.

In the folder misc, you can find a notebook with code for the plots and data statistics showed in the paper.

You can also find there the html code used for iVQA data collection on Amazon Mechanical Turk.

Moreover, you can find the manually evaluated samples from generated data at this link.

Finally, you can find the html and python code for the online demo.

Acknowledgements

The video feature extraction code is inspired by this repository. The model implementation of our multi-modal transformer (as well as the masked language modeling setup) is inspired by Hugging Face. The comparison with Heilman et al was done using the original Java implementation.

Citation

If you found this work useful, consider giving this repository a star and citing our paper as followed:

@InProceedings{Yang_2021_ICCV,
    author    = {Yang, Antoine and Miech, Antoine and Sivic, Josef and Laptev, Ivan and Schmid, Cordelia},
    title     = {Just Ask: Learning To Answer Questions From Millions of Narrated Videos},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)},
    month     = {October},
    year      = {2021},
    pages     = {1686-1697}
}
Owner
Antoine Yang
PhD Student in Computer Vision and Machine Learning, focusing on learning multimodal video representations using vision and language
Antoine Yang
PyTorch implementation for Partially View-aligned Representation Learning with Noise-robust Contrastive Loss (CVPR 2021)

2021-CVPR-MvCLN This repo contains the code and data of the following paper accepted by CVPR 2021 Partially View-aligned Representation Learning with

XLearning Group 33 Nov 01, 2022
Real-ESRGAN aims at developing Practical Algorithms for General Image Restoration.

Real-ESRGAN Colab Demo for Real-ESRGAN . Portable Windows executable file. You can find more information here. Real-ESRGAN aims at developing Practica

Xintao 17.2k Jan 02, 2023
CZU-MHAD: A multimodal dataset for human action recognition utilizing a depth camera and 10 wearable inertial sensors

CZU-MHAD: A multimodal dataset for human action recognition utilizing a depth camera and 10 wearable inertial sensors   In order to facilitate the res

yujmo 11 Dec 12, 2022
Contains supplementary materials for reproduce results in HMC divergence time estimation manuscript

Scalable Bayesian divergence time estimation with ratio transformations This repository contains the instructions and files to reproduce the analyses

Suchard Research Group 1 Sep 21, 2022
A script depending on VASP output for calculating Fermi-Softness.

Fermi softness calculation for Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) Update 1.1.0: Big update: Rewrote the code. Use Bader atomic division instea

qslin 11 Nov 08, 2022
Efficient Training of Audio Transformers with Patchout

PaSST: Efficient Training of Audio Transformers with Patchout This is the implementation for Efficient Training of Audio Transformers with Patchout Pa

165 Dec 26, 2022
Flickr-Faces-HQ (FFHQ) is a high-quality image dataset of human faces, originally created as a benchmark for generative adversarial networks (GAN)

Flickr-Faces-HQ Dataset (FFHQ) Flickr-Faces-HQ (FFHQ) is a high-quality image dataset of human faces, originally created as a benchmark for generative

NVIDIA Research Projects 2.9k Dec 28, 2022
Official code for "InfoGraph: Unsupervised and Semi-supervised Graph-Level Representation Learning via Mutual Information Maximization" (ICLR 2020, spotlight)

InfoGraph: Unsupervised and Semi-supervised Graph-Level Representation Learning via Mutual Information Maximization Authors: Fan-yun Sun, Jordan Hoffm

Fan-Yun Sun 232 Dec 28, 2022
Multi-Task Temporal Shift Attention Networks for On-Device Contactless Vitals Measurement (NeurIPS 2020)

MTTS-CAN: Multi-Task Temporal Shift Attention Networks for On-Device Contactless Vitals Measurement Paper Xin Liu, Josh Fromm, Shwetak Patel, Daniel M

Xin Liu 106 Dec 30, 2022
A fast, dataset-agnostic, deep visual search engine for digital art history

imgs.ai imgs.ai is a fast, dataset-agnostic, deep visual search engine for digital art history based on neural network embeddings. It utilizes modern

Fabian Offert 5 Dec 14, 2022
Adversarial Color Enhancement: Generating Unrestricted Adversarial Images by Optimizing a Color Filter

ACE Please find the preliminary version published at BMVC 2020 in the folder BMVC_version, and its extended journal version in Journal_version. Datase

28 Dec 25, 2022
Bayesian Neural Networks in PyTorch

We present the new scheme to compute Monte Carlo estimator in Bayesian VI settings with almost no memory cost in GPU, regardles of the number of sampl

Jurijs Nazarovs 7 May 03, 2022
Source code for the paper "SEPP: Similarity Estimation of Predicted Probabilities for Defending and Detecting Adversarial Text" PACLIC 2021

Adversarial text generator Refer to "adversarial_text_generator"[https://github.com/quocnsh/SEPP_generator] project for generating adversarial texts A

0 Oct 05, 2021
This repository contains code demonstrating the methods outlined in Path Signature Area-Based Causal Discovery in Coupled Time Series presented at Causal Analysis Workshop 2021.

signed-area-causal-inference This repository contains code demonstrating the methods outlined in Path Signature Area-Based Causal Discovery in Coupled

Will Glad 1 Mar 11, 2022
A Flexible Generative Framework for Graph-based Semi-supervised Learning (NeurIPS 2019)

G3NN This repo provides a pytorch implementation for the 4 instantiations of the flexible generative framework as described in the following paper: A

Jiaqi Ma 14 Oct 11, 2022
DIRL: Domain-Invariant Representation Learning

DIRL: Domain-Invariant Representation Learning Domain-Invariant Representation Learning (DIRL) is a novel algorithm that semantically aligns both the

Ajay Tanwani 30 Nov 07, 2022
Official Pytorch Implementation of Length-Adaptive Transformer (ACL 2021)

Length-Adaptive Transformer This is the official Pytorch implementation of Length-Adaptive Transformer. For detailed information about the method, ple

Clova AI Research 93 Dec 28, 2022
Knowledge Distillation Toolbox for Semantic Segmentation

SegDistill: Toolbox for Knowledge Distillation on Semantic Segmentation Networks This repo contains the supported code and configuration files for Seg

9 Dec 12, 2022
QuadTree Attention for Vision Transformers (ICLR2022)

This repository contains codes for quadtree attention. This repo contains codes for feature matching, image classficiation, object detection and seman

tangshitao 222 Dec 28, 2022
CLIPort: What and Where Pathways for Robotic Manipulation

CLIPort CLIPort: What and Where Pathways for Robotic Manipulation Mohit Shridhar, Lucas Manuelli, Dieter Fox CoRL 2021 CLIPort is an end-to-end imitat

246 Dec 11, 2022